Anti-mullerian Hormone (AMH)is a hormone produced by cells in developing follicles within the ovaries in females and by the testes in males during fetal development.
Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) testing is crucial for assessing ovarian reserve and reproductive potential, particularly in the context of fertility assessment and management. The presence of AMH doesn't guarantee fertility. But, understanding AMH levels and their implications can provide valuable insights into reproductive health, helping to guide decisions on fertility and treatment options.
For women, this test is useful to:
- Assess ovarian function and menopausal status
- Diagnose and evaluate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Evaluate the effectiveness of ovarian cancer treatment
This test can also be used with infants to evaluate sex organs (ambiguous genitalia) as well as testes function in male infants.
Abnormal Anti-Mullerian Hormone Levels
Low AMH Levels - Causes
- Age: AMH levels naturally decline with age, particularly after the mid-30s.
- Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI): Early decline in ovarian function before age 40.
- Genetic factors: Some women naturally have lower AMH levels.
- Chemotherapy or radiation: Can damage the ovaries and lower AMH levels.
Low AMH Levels - Symptoms
- Menstrual irregularities: Irregular or missed periods.
- Difficulty conceiving: Reduced fertility or challenges in becoming pregnant.
- Early menopause symptoms: Hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings if approaching menopause.
High AMH Levels - Causes
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A common cause of elevated AMH due to an increased number of ovarian follicles.
- Ovarian tumors: Rarely, certain ovarian tumors can cause high AMH levels.
High AMH Levels - Symptoms
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms include irregular periods, acne, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), and weight gain.
- Ovarian hyperstimulation: In fertility treatments, high AMH can increase the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
Source: https://www.testing.com/tests/anti-mullerian-hormone/
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